The role of olfaction in the reproductive behavior of fishes is complex and not well understood. Olfactory signals may be important in communicating species identity, signaling the reproductive state of individuals, and initiating courtship behavior of males. The objective of this research was to study the influence of female visual and olfactory cues on the courtship behavior of male Kenyi Cichlids, Pseudotropheus lombardoi. Individual males were presented with gravid females contained in different types of chambers. Chambers varied in the color of their walls (black or clear) and in the type of their walls (solid or perforated). Clear chambers permitted males to receive visual cues, whereas perforated chambers allowed males to receive olfactory cues. Each male was presented with females contained in clear perforated (CP), clear solid (CS), black perforated (BP), and black solid (BS) chambers. Three-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) revealed that for six of the seven behaviors investigated, wall color had a significant effect on male behavior, with clear chambers eliciting a greater response than black chambers. Wall type did not have a significant effect on any of the behaviors. The interaction between wall color and wall type was non-significant for all behaviors. This study indicates that male P. lombardoi rely on visual cues from females to initiate courtship behavior. Olfactory cues appear to play little if any role in courtship behavior of this species.